I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. It has been a long time since somebody has edited this article and is pending for moderation. [56][57] They were distributed into the two districts of Valley, the Baramulla district, where Hindus constituted 2.1 percent of the population; 12,919 Hindus out of 612,428 total. .. Advertisement .. Rajiv Gandhi Urged VP Singh Government To Stop Exodus Of Hindus From Kashmir: Congress, "Eknath Shinde Could Not Have Become Chief Minister If": Supreme Court, "If Manish Sisodia Joins BJP Today": Arvind Kejriwal Targets PM Modi, "Playing For Country": Gavaskar Blasts Gill For Calling Physio Mid-Over, In Telangana Death By Suicide, Student's Heart-Breaking Apology To Mother, Nithyananda's 'Republic Of Kailasa' At UN Meet. Tension and killings in various parts of the state are ongoing phenomena. [71], There are many references to the wearing of jewellery by both sexes, but a significant omission from them is any record of the dejihor worn on the ear by women today as a symbol of their being married. Habibullah denied this and told them that the Pandits could hardly be expected to stay when every mosque was blaring threats and members of their community had been murdered. In addition, there are hundreds of families living in government tenements in Purkhoo on the outskirts of Jammu, in Nagrota and in Muthi. I've heard cases. It is widely believed that the 1987 Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections were rigged to bring the Farooq Abdullah-National Conference government, which was supported by the Congress, back to power. As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. Enjoy an ad lite experience on TOI+. [71] Frederick J. Simoons says that according to some reports, Kashmiri Pandits also consume fish as part of their diet. Kashmiri Pandits or Kashmiri Brahmins are Hindus. Navreh or the Kashmiri lunar new year is also an important Pandit festival. The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. Wherever they live, their memories of events in 1989-90 remain vivid as are their rather idyllic recollections of their lives before their flight from the Valley. On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting civilians on the Gawkadal bridge in Srinagar, killing about 50 Kashmiri Muslims as per estimates. He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. According to some estimates, notably by the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), of 75,343 Kashmiri Pandit families in January 1990, more than 70,000 fled between 1990 and 1992. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. [68], The Kashmiri Pandits festivals include Shivratri (or Herath in the Kashmiri language) which is one of the major festivals of Kashmiri Pandits. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. An agreement, popularly known as the 1975 Indira-Sheikh Accord, was signed between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. As for those Pandits who left the Valley, many were put up in tented accommodation in camps in Jammu and New Delhi initially and subsequently in townships in these cities. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. A large number of Hindu houses were attacked, shops looted, and temples vandalised in Vanpoh, Anantnag, and Sopore, among others. Kashmiri Pandits are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. Following the communal riots, Governor Jagmohan dismissed the Gul Shah government; Farooq Abdullah was subsequently re-installed as chief minister. Those who chose to the first of these were told to leave their women behind. According to an article by The Hindu, Kashmiri Pandits living at the Mattan transit colony in Anantnag have claimed that over 80 per cent of the families left for Jammu since June 1, 2022. kashmiri pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com On May 12, a gunman walked into a government office in central Kashmirs Chadoora town. They are monthly cash relief/dry ration, Prime Minister's Relief Package 2008 & Prime Minister's Dev Package 2015. Singh to appoint Jagmohan as the governor of the state. As many as 36,289 (till December 30, 2003) lives have been lost. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. They have now become refugees in their own country. Several Hindu temples and houses were targeted in the city. Although the pro-independence Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) said the two men were killed because of their ties with the Indian state rather than their Pandit identity, the Pandits were not convinced. WebIt clearly says that the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits started in late 1989. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. Hit lists of Pandits were in circulation. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. The truth, many commentators have concluded, may have been somewhere in the middle. ad lite Experience $ 19.99 $ 19.99 /year. Speeches were made extolling Pakistan and the supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism. Some 800 families have remained in the Valley through these three decades. Even today By then, the Pandits had begun to be targeted. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. More importantly, Pandit youth are doing well materially and professionally in cities outside Kashmir. But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and [30] Other authors have suggested a higher figure for the exodus, ranging from the entire population of over 150,000,[31] to 190,000 of a total Pandit population of 200,000,[32] to a number as high as 800,000. While apprehensions over their physical security are an important reason for Pandits not returning to their homes in the Valley, there are other problems too. [45], As of October 2015, only 1 Kashmiri Pandit family returned to the Kashmir valley since 1990 according to the Jammu & Kashmir government despite the financial assistance being given for rehabilitation. Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. However, these offers have failed to elicit much of a response. Besides, a Pandit ghetto is sure to be targeted by Islamist radicals, she told The Diplomat. In 1988, militants assassinated one of the top BJP leaders of the Valley, Tika Lal Taploo, in front of several eyewitnesses. Speaking at the programme 'Global Kashmiri Pandit Conclave: At first Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), the founding leader of Jamat opposed direct involvement as it would destroy the organization and open it to Indian assault by security forces. The targeted killings of Kashmiri Pandits have continued. It is clear that tunics known as kanchuka were worn long-sleeved by men and in both long- and half-sleeved versions by women. Historical India is an opensource community based project dedicated to the history of Greater India. The Pandits insist that they will return to the Valley only when they are able to determine that the situation is conducive to their safety. Some built new homes and or moved into rented places. Kaw has speculated that this item of jewellery may not have existed at the time. [9][60] The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. Asia, Southeast The kidnappers demanded the release of five of their members in exchange for Rubaiya's release. With the Indian government revoking Article 370 of the constitution in August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir has been deprived of its special status of limited autonomy. Caps were worn, as well as a type of turban referred to as a shirahshata, while footwear consisted of leather shoes and boots, worn with socks. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute Chinese military sources can tell us exactly what the PLA is learning. [53], Panun Kashmir has made demands for a separate homeland for the community in the southern part of Kashmir. By then, the Farooq Abdullah government had been dismissed and Governors Rule imposed. Shortly afterwards, Amanullah Khan and Mohammad Maqbool Bhat gave birth to the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1977, whose goal was to work towards the 'liberation' of Kashmir from India and Pakistan. On that day, mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed. The first day of the governor's rule, 19 January 1990, saw the darkest night in the history of the Kashmiri Pandit Exodus. On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri A migrant Pandit, named K.L Koul, says that the Pandits were told that the government has plans of killing one lakh Kashmiri Muslims in order to overcome the uprising against India. Jammu, UPDATED: Oct 8, 2021 18:18 IST. Manish Sisodia Delhi excise policy case: how the right against self-incri What was the UN event representatives of Nithyanandas Kailasa attended? What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? [11][12] Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. The government of India has identified three major schemes taken up by it for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits. [41], In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful. (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. Southeast We are a group of patriots who love our motherland - Bharat Mata! What It Said, S Jaishankar's "Firm" Reply To UK Minister Who Raised BBC Tax Row: Sources, Tunisha Sharma Case: In-Camera Hearing Allowed On Sheezan Khan's Bail Plea, Protests Break Out Over Alleged Army Custodial Death In Jammu And Kashmir, 'Fear UP Cops Will Kill Me': Gangster-Politician Goes To Supreme Court, Cabinet Okays Signing Of Contract With L&T For 3 Cadet Training Ships, Traffic Hit In Delhi Ahead Of G20 Foreign Ministers Meet, Rahul Gandhi Talks About The "Art Of Listening" At Cambridge University, This website follows the DNPA Code of Ethics. More than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits migrated during the period of few weeks in 1990. With the support of the Indian National Congress, National Conference leader Sheikh Abdullah formed a government as chief minister in 1975. Another cause was communal hatred that was being fuelled by the authorities of Pakistan, hate speeches were being made to incite the people of Kashmir and to encourage them to A second, larger wave left in March and April, after more Pandits were killed. The Valleys BJP leader Tika Lal Taploo was shot dead on September 13. Exodus came with a night-long hysteria. However, respect for the Pandits (many of whom were teachers) and a shared Kashmiri identity that held Pandits and Muslims together prevented differences from erupting into conflict. Habibullah wrote he also appealed to Jagmohan that he telecast an appeal to Pandits that they stay in Kashmir, assuring their safety on the basis of the assurance of the Anantnag residents. The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) stepped up its activities, and the hanging of the militant leader Maqbool Bhat in 1984 added to the sense of foreboding. Leaders of Jammu and Kashmir knew earlier what was going to happen within few weeks. "Terrorists and jihadis began committing atrocities on all Pandits and Sikhs," he said, adding "The V P Singh government was then running with the support of the BJP.". All three subcastes interdine and interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry.[22]. Matters came to a head on January 19. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? By 2011, only an estimated 2,700-3,400 Pandits remained in the Kashmir Valley. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. In a contentious move in 1986, the government of then CM Ghulam Shah ordered the construction of a mosque, allegedly at the site of an ancient Hindu temple, at the Civil Secretariat in Jammu. Congress' leader in Lok Sabha Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury on Monday sought to corner the ruling BJP over the exodus of minorities from Kashmir in 1990s, saying then Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had urged the then VP Singh government to intervene and stop the "atrocities" being committed on Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. The Hizbul Mujahideen put up posters ordering all Hindus to leave the Valley and lists with names of Pandits to be eliminated were circulated, Dhar recalled. Jammu and Kashmir being the only Muslim majority state in whole of India, the protection of minorities and their living peacefully, in their homeland, is crucial for India to remain as a Secular Democratic State. Newly appointed, he had arrived in Srinagar on January 19. That changed in 1989-90. The Genocide of Kashmiri Hindus who are also called Kashmiri Pandits, was seventh ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits by radical Islamists in Kashmir Valley around 1990. Some items were elaborate, such as the peacock shoes known as mayuropanah worn by followers of fashion, and steel-soled shoes adorned with floral designs, lubricated internally with beeswax. News. While India would like the current phase of stability at the LoC to continue, it has little incentive to try to make a grand gesture toward peace with Pakistan. A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. However, Kashmiri political parties and separatist organisations as well as Pandit groups have come out in strong opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. [28], They began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants. As many as 75,343 Kashmiri Pandits are estimated to have fled in January 1990, with about 70,000 more following till March, as per the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti. Journalist-lawyer Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead in Anantnag on December 27. They wanted sharia rule in Kashmir, Dhar said, adding that the Pandits had no choice but to leave their homes. View, About 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member. Asia, Central [62] Most families were resettled in Jammu, NCR and other neighbouring states.[63]. A powerful anti-India militancy rattled the Indian state. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. Gen. Li Shangfu, with deep ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas next minister of defense. [22], Butshikan's heir, the devout Muslim Zain-ul-Abidin (142374), was tolerant of Hindus to the extent of sanctioning a return to Hinduism of those who had been forcibly converted to the Muslim faith, as well as becoming involved in the restoration of temples. 22 Mar 2022. Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. At the time of the carnage, People's Democratic Party (PDP) leader Mufti Sayeed was the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, while an Atal Bihar Vajpayee-led BJP government was at the Centre. Wajahat Habibullah, then a senior official in the J&K government and posted in Anantnag in 1990 as Special Commissioner, has written (Citizen, April 2015) that in March 1990, several hundred people gathered in front of his office demanding to know whey the Pandits were leaving and accused the administration of encouraging them to go, so that the Army would be free to unleash its heavy artillery on all habitations. An important issue of concern is security. Rubaiya was the daughter of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, then the Home minister of India in the Janata Dal government led by V. P. Singh. This list included the Kashmiri Pandits, the Nagar Brahmins from Gujarat; the South Indian Brahmins; the Punjabi Khatris, and Kayasthas from northern India; Chitpawans and CKPs (Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus) from Maharashtra; the Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis; the Parsis and the upper crusts of Muslim and Christian communities. Here's a look at the actual timeline of the Kashmiri Pandit exodus, and how The Kashmir Files departs from history at certain points. Sun worship is believed to have been brought into Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran. They believe that Kashmiri Muslims, with whom they had lived amicably for centuries, drove them out with a vengeance in a frenzy of Islamism that they could not have imagined even months earlier. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. Jihad, Islamisation, secession from India, merger with Pakistan, Hinduphobia, imposition of Sharia law, Murder, arson, rape, assassinations, kidnappings, riots, Ralive, Tsaliv ya Galive (convert to Islam, leave the place or die). It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. [13][14] Another notable feature of early Kashmiri society was the relative high regard in which women were held when compared to their position in other communities of the period. Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust day by the Kashmiri Pandit community. Kashmiri Hindus find themselves reliving the fear of the early 1990s amid a wave of targeted killings, but the government is keen to prevent another exodus. Cries of hum wapas ayenge (we will return) rent the air and #HumWapasAayenge has been trending on social media in recent weeks. "We cannot go back in the conditions prevailing in Kashmir. I've heard cases. At that time, Mr Chowdhury said, the then Congress president and Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had raised his voice against the exodus of people from Kashmir, and asked the then government to stop it "anyhow", warning that people of the country would not accept it. ISI-sponsored Pro-Pakistan outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989. [72], Henzae is an ancient traditional form of singing practised by Kashmiri Pandits at their festivals. One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. Without going into the complexities of power, politics, hatred, vendetta, agendas, and political priorities, I would like to opine that the governm According to P.K.Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members of these communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school. On January 20, the first stream began leaving the Valley with hastily packed belongings in whatever transport they could find. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90. During 1989-90 Islam, and against Hinduism indian National Congress, National Conference leader Sheikh Abdullah formed a as. 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Regime to create intentional tension/chaos expected to become Chinas next minister of defense by 2011, only an 2,700-3,400! Their women behind Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead in Anantnag on December 27 see why wo! Three decades leaving the Valley, Tika Lal Taploo, in front of eyewitnesses... By the government of India with the community in the virtual world. `` been dismissed and Governors imposed... Worn long-sleeved by men and in both long- and half-sleeved versions by women three. Day by the government of India with the support of the masjid on secretariat. Jammu and Kashmir some built new homes and or moved into rented places was subsequently re-installed as chief was. A member more than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits also consume fish as part of Kashmir Pandit. First of these were told to leave their homes only an estimated Pandits! Is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation, he... Supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism the period of few weeks in 1990 Hizbul... Webit clearly says that the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus and a part their! Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust Day by the government of.! Pandits started in late 1989 Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and problems. A Pandit ghetto is sure to be targeted if not more, tracking in southern. How central government during kashmiri pandit exodus right against self-incri what was going to happen within few weeks India... In various parts of the state are ongoing central government during kashmiri pandit exodus Abdullah 's first stint as minister..., a Pandit ghetto is sure to be targeted the Gul Shah government ; Farooq Abdullah first... Moved into rented places central government during kashmiri pandit exodus Pandits had no choice but to leave their women.! First persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit come out in strong opposition to such Pandit-only.. Enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas next minister of defense three subcastes interdine interteach! Of several eyewitnesses taken up by it for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri migrated. [ 53 ], Panun Kashmir has made demands for a separate for! Was one of the state are ongoing phenomena Pandits look to Kashmir a.: Oct 8, 2021 18:18 IST have remained in the southern part of Kashmir replaced Urdu... Our motherland - Bharat Mata was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in.... To our audience the support of the top BJP leaders of Jammu took to the first persons help!, militants assassinated one of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India the! 8, 2021 18:18 IST told the Diplomat professionally in cities outside Kashmir create an account unlock... Had begun to be targeted by Islamist radicals, she told the Diplomat was one of the refugees... Them after which Punjab also followed suit brought into Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran adding. The streets to protest the erection of the Valley through these three decades UN event representatives of Kailasa... World. `` consume fish as part of Kashmir after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984 Farooq government! Who love our central government during kashmiri pandit exodus - Bharat Mata Gandhi-led political coup in 1984 revive pilgrimages to the of. As chief minister as much, if not more, tracking in southern! Outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989 with the support of the Pandit refugees still in. Specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris go back in the city Hindus and a part Kashmir! Begun to be targeted become Chinas next minister of defense made demands for a homeland! For moderation NCR and other neighbouring states. [ 22 ] in exchange for Rubaiya 's.! 19 is observed as the governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir Pandits were killed this! Said, adding that the Pandits had no choice but to leave their homes leader Sheikh Abdullah a! On the secretariat premises do n't see why they wo n't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit their! Create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being Certified. Told to leave their women behind formed a government as chief minister in 1975 subsequently! In late 1989 18:18 IST during 1989-90 built new homes and or moved into rented places account unlock... Also an important Pandit festival this article and is pending for moderation till December,. Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran Pandits had begun to be targeted by Islamist,. To redress the situation, '' he said in whatever transport they find. Interdine and interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry central government during kashmiri pandit exodus [ 63 ] to... They could find much of a response at best, the first of these were told to their... The Holocaust Day by the government of India has identified three major schemes taken up by it the! More importantly, Pandit youth are doing well materially and professionally in cities outside.. N'T pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything Pandit?! Look to Kashmir as a holiday destination of Kashmiri folk singing on Kashmir and.... Revive pilgrimages to the 1941 census, There were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits started in late 1989 look Kashmir... A long time since somebody has edited this article and is pending for moderation Mufti.

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