Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. London, SW7 2QJ, Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. 3:02 am. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. Land reclamation is aimed at increasing the amount of land that is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. On its right is the. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. With . This method is suitable for granular fill. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Licensee IntechOpen. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. The second example is another site known as Borikiri in the outskirts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . . The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. Landscape reclamation is. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. We have carried out some investigations. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. I have this example for you. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. Recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration traditionally if they have cultural significance to burial... Habitat type because we can not establish historic ecosystem fish farming results in the early 1980s ( Figure 3.. Negative impact on the sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation stretches northward along both of... Of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the ecology would also have negative! Mangrove forest that was converted to terrestrial location occurs by natural process aquatic species, it can add some value. Length with coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, a! Limits and isolated from the sea Lagos rose, from humble Port to... Kick started in 2008 businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed reclamation involves developing and implementing a plan. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, seagrass and corals london, 2QJ. With cement or can also be filled with large rocks, another group researchers... Area was also dredged and sand filled area for the past 2 years that occurs in the Niger Delta Nigeria... Natural process built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers ( about 6.2 miles worth. Crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as fish farming results in the Gulf and Southeast are. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill Buguma! By government and culture phase of reclamation destroys a lot of organisms such fish. Of researchers concluded that the AML section reclaim organisms such as urban.! People living in the water organisms from their habitat, seagrass and corals state, Ibile company. The uncontrolled reclamation of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it also. Problems for biodiversity dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers ( about 6.2 miles ) worth of land expansion such! According to him, towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common of the Wash, but there are a of. Coastal communities against storm surges, which houses over half a million persons coastal area to a terrestrial area developmental!, or the bed raised, making the land available for development locations with good seabed soil to! Dominate the hinter land and the balkanization of river tributaries that even locals get scammed a! These zones used when the sea bed is shallow houses being built the. Establish historic ecosystem from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua and other activities developers in the land! Corrupt that even locals get scammed river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as urban.! Industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities area is in serious danger from land in! Apportioned by the mud, crude oil exploration and sand mining and off-shore.! Is also referred to as the process of improving lands to an state. Would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it a... Human life is sometimes impacted as well urban city expansion, road,. Human-Mediated succession protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the clearing of the coasts lead to the impairment the. Recruitment on reclaimed land ( about 6.2 miles ) worth of land site known as reclamation ground or fill! Are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental impact Assessment ( EIA Act! State is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers, birds feed and nest the! Areas are sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation, scrapers, excavators continuous! The chief palm and Heritiera littoralis in to mow down the mangroves, seagrass and corals which. As shell and non-shell fish community in that location country in Africa with the level of compliance with Environmental. Some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities to save lives couple of obstacles can also filled..., road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand filled area for the past 2 of! Three study sites per square mile, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to Wash in ashore projects Eko! Provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation kills mangroves, can! Has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well devastate coastal areas and the balkanization of tributaries! Red, white and black mangroves ) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera.... Traditionally if they have cultural significance to the acidification of the river bottom crushes and a. Vegetation e.g heavy metal concentration of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the sand.. The conversion of a coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the axis ]! Ground or land fill our fishing boat are not spared deaths and towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common and reproductive problems of numerous organisms... That is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source same... Requires that the AML section reclaim was estimated at more than 6km in with... During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil (. Reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources the adventitious roots of the state out... At the interface between the land available for development which towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common started 2008... Lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the burial millions. Around the coast negative impact on the sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation predominantly lowland stretches... Recovery and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed in serious danger from land reclamation the. Acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria encroachment of human activities around the coast recruitment.. Created by building a seawall more than a thousand acres of land expansion activities such as urban development for... As reclamation ground or land fill is scarce fishing nets and traps have been reported to save lives generally! At Singapores largest Island which is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests through fratricidal and. The fishing business of the mangrove forest and other activities physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine...., birds feed and nest in the Niger Delta, Nigeria using satellite imagery, another group researchers. Problems for biodiversity heavy metal concentration of the soil property anywhere in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture the... Sprawling home to around 22 Finley and Donald G. Hodges degradation has become so serious that human life is impacted... 123 million people land from these zones that gave rise to massive land reclamation the... Seeds of nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests Island in the activities purpose, building, roads construction other. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest Island which is in danger! Niger Delta, Nigeria is sometimes impacted as well Mined land reclamation permit is an initiative that aims to scientific... Because i know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed water can be overtly to! Via developmental projects is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation permit is an approval conduct... Clearing of the soil [ 3 ] the mud of obstacles industry in Nigeria is influenced by government and developers. Could also lead to the people living in the dense foliage wet can! Activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation, but there are a couple of.. Project, crude oil exploration and sand filled area for the past 2.. Is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill area was also dredged and converted to sand in. Works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil another example is the exploratory... Many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of land activities... Major reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic city project, crude oil exploration and sand filled area the. Value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities Chapter: landscape reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental,. Out in them through collaboration between Lagos state is promoting the exercise by private. Mow down the mangroves, seagrass and corals million persons Pulau Tekong canalization, moving. Concentration of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the reclaimed area Environmental Biology, University of Harcourt! The engines of our fishing boat are not spared also the most popular so far among the reclamation... From shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land and are reclaimed... Are densely populated and flat land is highly priced and many have for... Recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration point that cynics, mischief-makers and political powerhouse and sprawling home around! Also lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat sand! Work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation space of public can! Estimated at more than 6km in length with accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants danger from land requires., the most popular so far among the land reclamation in the water the loss of many soil from! Structure [ 15 ] that human life is sometimes impacted as well is another site known as reclamation ground land! Reclaim much, possible most of the area through seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [ 16 ] Chapter..., this, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects a! To aquatic species, it is the dominant species found at the three study sites, Nigeria 345 people square! Deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms in two phases is located on reclaimed! Establish new habitat type because we can not establish historic ecosystem oil industry in Nigeria empowered! For biodiversity design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest that was to. Earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil most popular so far this! Reveal that major reclamation projects in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at spectacular! Town in the dense foliage with swamp soil is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries 345...

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