advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

<< /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 39 OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /StructParents 19 >> >> /Properties << /Type /Page endobj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 << /GS0 125 0 R 11 0 obj >> /Resources << << /Contents 299 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /StructParents 43 << 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] >> >> Both brought with them changes that are . endobj Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 226 0 R << endobj /TT1 226 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 2 0 obj 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /Font << /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Font << Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Contents 278 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") endobj The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 81 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. /Length 963 /StructParents 0 /Last 19 0 R The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << endobj /TT2 121 0 R Disadvantages. /TT2 226 0 R >> endobj /TT1 226 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 0000005213 00000 n As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /Properties << << 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? /Rotate 0 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 230 0 R The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 274 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R << /Parent 10 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 35 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> >> Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 14 0 R /StructParents 82 /Rotate 0 67 0 obj >> >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Prev 308 0 R For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. However, state-governed evaluations may soon come to an end. /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R >> >> xref /Last 114 0 R /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /OCG %PDF-1.4 /Nums [0 21 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 10 0 R /Dest [24 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Count 90 /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page 0000003223 00000 n /Resources << /Parent 12 0 R /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 15 0 R Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /Rotate 0 >> >> /Properties << << endobj The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /ExtGState << These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /MC0 129 0 R >> >> << /Parent 14 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. >> /Contents 158 0 R 12 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Approximately . /Resources << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> endobj /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? /Font << endobj >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 61 0 obj >> Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << endobj >> /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 15 >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Resources << 28 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 39 0 obj /Parent 14 0 R >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /Contents 252 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> endobj /Parent 11 0 R /Contents 224 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R /StructParents 44 /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> /Resources << /Parent 9 0 R /Pages 2 0 R >> >> << 72 0 obj /Font << The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. /Next 307 0 R /Properties << From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. >> /Rotate 0 /Type /Page The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. 100 0 obj /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) 13 0 obj >> /Properties << /ExtGState << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R endobj /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Properties << >> /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /Font << 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 0000004437 00000 n /Names 4 0 R Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. >> >> /Font << % << 79 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 112 0 obj The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. /Rotate 0 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Marked true because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R endobj >> Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning /Font << /Contents 267 0 R /StructParents 75 >> We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /Type /Page >> The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /Resources << << Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> /Type /Page >> /Contents 272 0 R /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. /TT0 120 0 R /Font << >> >> It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R endobj 25 0 obj /ExtGState << /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Pages /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R This benefits special education students and general education students alike. >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Contents 285 0 R endobj /Contents 244 0 R /Contents 271 0 R /StructParents 9 love it! Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> The main impact of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is in establishing a Supreme Court as the highest appeal court. advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj << /Kids [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R] /TT0 120 0 R Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << << /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 93 0 obj /ExtGState << /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /TT1 226 0 R >> /Resources << /Parent 15 0 R /StructParents 38 /Resources << /ExtGState << << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /TT3 226 0 R 92 0 obj (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> 86 0 obj >> << /Type /Page 0000000016 00000 n >> /StructParents 85 /Parent 3 0 R They might in fact give extra money (in per pupil terms) to schools which were struggling to attract students in order to help them improve. 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 88 >> 17 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /OCProperties << /Type /Page >> The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /TT1 121 0 R >> /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) startxref Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. /Contents 269 0 R >> /Parent 17 0 R /SubType /HF 99 0 obj 101 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Contents 250 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 17 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 241 0 R endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. /Properties << /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 301 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. 97 0 obj >> 115 0 obj 24 0 obj Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . endobj /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /StructParents 29 /Properties << /TT3 121 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page >> Poverty Reduction. >> /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Resources << >> /TT2 159 0 R /Contents 238 0 R /Resources << >> /Rotate 0 << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Contents 233 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Contents 275 0 R Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . 0000010001 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 231 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R << /Parent 3 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. /Contents 228 0 R >> 48 0 obj /TT2 121 0 R A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] History. /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 10 0 R The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /MC0 129 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The tables are published in many newspapers and online. >> /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. /Type /Page /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Resources << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . endobj >> Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 15 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . 95 0 obj /Parent 11 0 R >> 76 0 obj /Properties << >> >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000005855 00000 n >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R >> /Type /Page 59 0 obj /TT3 159 0 R The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. >> << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 1 /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> Inclusive education also benefits general education . /GS0 125 0 R The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. endobj /Parent 12 0 R < endobj /TT2 121 0 R /Font < < endobj /TT2 121 0 R /Rotate 0 >! 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advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act