General Washington ordered that the document be read to each Army brigade on July 9th, and he reported afterwards to Congress on "the expressions and behavior of officers and men testifying their warmest and approbation of it." He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. [1], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748.[2]. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. An error has occured while loading the map. John Witherspoon served with American Founding Fathers during the American Revolution. In 1743 he became a Presbyterian Minister at a parish in Beith, where he married, authored three noted works on theology. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. Declaration of Independence Signer. (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons). Josiah Bartlett - New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett was the first delegate to vote for independence and the second signer after John Hancock. On the day of the signing, the British fleet - an armada of dozens of ships with 42,000 sailors and soldiers - was waiting off the coast to crush these patriots and make an example of them. Richard gave a short but energetic speech at the close of the debate. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian . Witherspoon saw morality as having two distinct components: spiritual and temporal. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Christian Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 14 August 1750), Barbra Witherspoons (bap Beith, Ayrshire 20 February 1756), John Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 29 July 1757), George Witherspoon (31 Mar 1762-27 July 1762), WikiTree profile Witherspoon-160 created through the import of Maltby master 08282011.GED on Aug 30, 2011 by. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. Behold here 'the end of all perfection.' Signers | They took Reese to acting classes and soon the girl appeared in her first commercials. He booked passage on a ship to cross the Irish channel, his baggage was delayed but it proved to be his preservation as the ship sank in a violent storm and all aboard perished, he later crossed safely. When he was at last able to return to his home, John Hart found that his wife had died and his 13 children were scattered throughout the countryside or in captivity. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1777 until November 1784 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. Dr. Witherspoon enjoyed great success at the College of New Jersey. John Knox Witherspoon (1723-1794)clergyman, educator, and founding fatherserved as Princeton's sixth president from 1768 until his death in 1794. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular; you are very much otherwise. John Witherspoon On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. Illinois University LibrariesCorner, George W., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. But none of the signers ever betrayed his pledged word. As the member appointed for New Jersey, I laid the resolution before our Legislature then sitting at Princeton, and recommended to them the great importance of their approaching persons in every county. valuable signature in the world, outranked only by that of Martin Luther and Button Gwinnett, a Georgia signer of the Declaration of Independence. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. In 1776 he was elected to the Continental Congress in time to urge adoption of the Declaration of Independence and to be the only clergyman to sign it. References:Sanderson, Biography of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, page 195, 1831. ref>[1]Sanderson, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1823, page 156, 195.Stryker, William S., The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Cambridge. He signed the Declaration of Independence, and was a leader in Pennsylvania's ratification of the Constitution in 1788. Notre Dame, Ind. His parents were James Witherspoon and Anna Walker. The first signer to die, in 1777, was John Morton of Pennsyvania, a former Crown officer who had been sent to Philadelphia to oppose independence. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Susannah later married Thomas Leonard and remained in Princeton after her husbands death. Later that year he was elected to the Continental Congress in time to vote for R. H. Lee's Resolution for Independence. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. Then, on June 7th, Richard Henry Lee put this resolution before the Congress: "RESOLVED, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.". He became an invalid and died at Princeton on February 28, 1781. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. During the British assault on South Carolina in 1780, three of that state 's signers - Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge - distinguished themselves in the defense of Charleston. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing allegiance to the Crown.". "John Witherspoon." He died October 24, 1821. in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland , United Kingdom, Died on November 15, 1794 They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. These Americans had become angry not so much at the amount of the taxes exacted as the realization that this was only the opening move in a program of confiscatory taxation. Since 2001, a statue of John Witherspoon (1723-1794 . Stockton was appointed to committees supporting the war effort. He also wrote frequent essays on subjects of interest to the colonies. David, the youngest son, graduated the same year as his brother John, married the widow of Abner Nash, and practiced law in New Bern, North Carolina. [8] In 1764, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in divinity by the University of St Andrews.[9]. They were empowered by Congress to contract for provisions, provide barracks, make regulations for hospitals and report back to Congress on the state of the army. Rush and Stockton's recruiting letters can be found in Butterfield, L. H., "John Witherspoon Comes to America", Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey. He was later awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews, in recognition of his theological skills. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. Previously offered for $12M. Previously known as "Stockton State College" and "Richard Stockton State College", it is now known as "Richard Stockton College of New Jersey". "[5], Howe's Document that Stockton signed giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war was the parole Benjamin Rush said Richard Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York.[6]. He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. "No business can be done, some say, because money is scarce," he wrote. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. Annis Boudinot Stockton was one of Americas first female published poets. In 1768, Stockton was elevated to a seat in the royal executive council of New Jersey; in 1774, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1888, the state of New Jersey donated a marble statue of Stockton to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown was dedicated by congressional proceedings in 1888 and placed in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Stockton is one of only six signers to be so honored. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. But a declining health, and a constitution worn out with application and with service, obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world." Enter a grandparent's name. Worthy to note: John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign our Declaration of Independence was the nephew of both Margaret and Janette Witherspoon. BYU Law Review 2003 (2003): 891-940. Handkerchief in hand they lashed at the hungry pests to no avail.". Richard Stockton was betrayed by a loyalist and seized by the British, who subjected him to beatings and starvation. Witherspoon became prominent within the church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. An advocate of natural law within a Christian and republican cosmology, Witherspoon considered moral philosophy vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). He was consulted on the state of American affairs by such notable men as the Marquis of Rockingham with whom he spent a week at his country estate. 67179. John Witherspoon was an American Founding Father, a noted clergyman, and an educator.He played an influential role in his home country of Scotland and in his adopted country, the United States.Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of . His son Richard "The Builder" bought 5,500 acres of land from William Penn in Princeton, New Jersey and settled there with his wife Susannah (nee Witham) Robinson. Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . Col. Daytons Regiment is moved from Fort Stanwix to Tyconderoga the Col and Major Barber came here last evening and the Regiment is now a few miles of this place, marching with cheerfulness, but a great part of the men barefooted and barelegged. He spoke often in concurrence; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping public policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. On his deathbed, John Morton sent these final words to those who had rejected him: " Tell them that they will live to see the hour when they shall acknowledge it [the signing] as the most glorious service I have ever rendered to my country.". No one changed his mind. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. John Witherspoon Collection, 1765-1903 (mostly 1767-1790) C0274 SOME ONLINE CONTENT. Most of the 4,836 colonists who took advantage of the proclamation had done so before Trenton while British troops were enjoying their greatest success; AT NO TIME, however, HAD A LEADING REBEL SOUGHT PARDON. A rest area on the southbound New Jersey Turnpike, south of Interstate 195, is named after Stockton. There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. When Parliament resolved to raise revenue in the colonies in 1775, Stockton declared the colonies "must each of them send one or two of their most ingenious fellows, and enable them to get into the House of Commons, maintain them there till they can maintain themselves, or else we shall be fleeced to some purpose." Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. Meanwhile, the New York State Convention had finally voted to allow its delegates to approve the Declaration, and on July 15th New York became the 13th colony to affirm independence. Source: Independence Hall Association, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, 1730-1781 - http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/stockton.htm, In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was appointed to the governing Council of New Jersey; he was later (1774) appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court. Two important ones included the Committee on Secret Correspondence and the Board of War. 1972Sanderson, John, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. John's father was Richard "The Builder" Stockton. He immediately began fund-raisinglocally and back home in Scotlandadded three hundred of his own books to the library, and began purchasing scientific equipment including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps, and a terrestrial globe. One of the most active members of the Continental Congress, Witherspoon advocated independence, served on a large number of committees, and authored a number of Resolutions of Prayer and Thanksgiving. When his health permitted, Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice and teaching new students. War Timeline | "Let my trade perish. The President's House in Princeton, New Jersey, was his home from 1768 to 1779 and is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. That reaction deeply hurt Morton, particularly when he was ignored even after he fell gravely ill early in 1777. He attended grammar school at the neighboring town of Haddington. On August 23, 1783, George Washington attended the public reception by Congress in Princeton. John Witherspoon wrote in a letter to his son David. "My hand trembles," he said as he handed the quill to William Ellery, "but my heart does not." Richard Stockton (1730-1781)Signer of the Declaration of Independence. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). Arms, as a last resort, must decide the contest.". Witherspoon was responsible for its reconstruction after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. He was hunted by soldiers and dogs and was forced to hide in the woods and caves of the Sourland Mountains during icy December weather. John Witherspoon was one of the signers of our Declaration of Independence. Once he was satisfied, the New Jersey delegates voted for Independence. Danny Pieper was elected on May 23, 2007, and the SC Supreme Court, Seat 2 to which the Hon. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. Firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. From Antigua they moved to Darby, Pennsylvania where Annis was born in 1736, then moved to Philadelphia where her father established a shop and home next door to Benjamin Franklin. John Witherspoon would profess that he loved his new home in New Jersey, and that he had "become an American the moment he landed." However, in his "Lectures on Moral Philosophy", Dr. Witherspoon advocated for the humane treatment of laborers and servants (including slaves), stating: This relation is first generated by the difference which God hath permitted to take place between man and man. Annis and her brothers attended Franklins Academy. Username and password are case sensitive. His fame preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. Richard and his wife Abigail (nee unknown) were the parents of Richard "The Builder" Stockton, the grandfather of Rihcard "The Signer" Stockton. John Witherspoon arrived in Philadelphia to take their place as new members of Congress meeting at the State House (now Independence Hall). Just one grandparent can lead you to many John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. John Stockton married his cousin Abigail and assumed his wifes Presbyterian faith. Witherspoon was a proponent of Christian values, his common sense approach to the public morality of civil magistrates was influenced by the ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Reid rather than Jonathan Edwards. And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. John Witherspoon, Parson and Patriot "He was one of the "Signers of the Declaration of Independence" John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. In 1969, the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation establishing a state college which was named after Stockton, to honor the memory of New Jersey's signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Witherspoon participated in the American Revolution. McKean and George Read, the other two representatives from Delaware, were split on the issue of independence and Caesar Rodney's vote was needed if Delaware was to join the United States of America. He emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. As previously mentioned, he educated a great number of future American leaders, and his strong support for democracy and republicanism was transmitted to his students. In Washington, D.C. near the Washington Monument there is a memorial park to the signers with 56 granite boulders, each engraved with the name of a signer. John R. Vile. Madam, Your favor of the 17th, conveying to me your pastoral on the subject of Lord Cornwallis capture, has given me great satisfaction. A monumental decision had been made, and now it would have to be implemented. "Sir, out of respect to you," an artilleryman replied." Witherspoon owned slaves and lectured against the abolition of slavery.[28]. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. It was only through a protracted effort on the part of several eminent Americans, including Richard Stockton and Benjamin Rush, that the colonies were able to acquire his service. 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